Survey Results

Correlations

Values in science: necessarily value-laden

Note: For philosophical questions with only two main suggested answers, only one answer (randomly selected) can be looked up for correlations.

Jump to: philosophical questions | demographic questions

Strongest correlations with philosophical questions

r: -0.28
Science: scientific realism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 246 115
Reject 397 66
n: 824
p < 0.0001
r: -0.26
Race: biological
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 46 321
Reject 120 303
n: 790
p < 0.0001
r: 0.25
Extended mind: yes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 202 92
Reject 173 212
n: 679
p < 0.0001
r: 0.24
True contradictions: actual
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 59 223
Reject 34 342
n: 658
p < 0.0001
r: 0.24
Semantic content: radical contextualism (most or all)
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 88 143
Reject 65 259
n: 555
p < 0.0001
r: -0.24
True contradictions: impossible
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 188 94
Reject 308 68
n: 658
p < 0.0001
r: 0.23
Response to external-world skepticism: pragmatic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 102 170
Reject 68 303
n: 643
p < 0.0001
r: 0.22
Truth: epistemic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 62 278
Reject 31 411
n: 782
p < 0.0001
r: -0.22
Units of selection: genes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 87 127
Reject 150 108
n: 472
p < 0.0001
r: 0.21
Race: social
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 302 67
Reject 259 163
n: 791
p < 0.0001
r: -0.2
Politics: capitalism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 81 227
Reject 159 220
n: 687
p < 0.0001
r: 0.19
Gender: social
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 297 76
Reject 263 152
n: 788
p < 0.0001
r: -0.19
Knowledge claims: invariantism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 72 261
Reject 154 244
n: 731
p < 0.0001
r: -0.19
Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 61 205
Reject 124 223
n: 613
p < 0.0001
r: -0.19
Semantic content: moderate contextualism (intermediate)
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 110 121
Reject 202 122
n: 555
p < 0.0001
r: -0.19
Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 64 200
Reject 115 165
n: 544
p < 0.0001
r: 0.18
Other minds: plants
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 45 296
Reject 19 397
n: 757
p < 0.0001
r: 0.18
Justification: coherentism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 92 176
Reject 75 273
n: 616
p < 0.0001
r: -0.18
Truth: correspondence
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 163 177
Reject 284 160
n: 784
p < 0.0001
r: -0.18
Gender categories: preserve
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 54 261
Reject 97 269
n: 681
p < 0.0001
r: -0.18
Aim of philosophy: truth/knowledge
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 146 235
Reject 256 198
n: 835
p < 0.0001
r: 0.17
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 45 122
Reject 30 224
n: 421
p: 0.0004
r: -0.17
Gender: biological
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 102 266
Reject 167 247
n: 782
p < 0.0001
r: -0.17
Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 226 162
Reject 345 124
n: 857
p < 0.0001
r: -0.17
Logic: classical
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 157 116
Reject 280 115
n: 668
p < 0.0001
r: 0.16
Knowledge claims: contextualism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 223 111
Reject 194 206
n: 734
p < 0.0001
r: 0.16
Vagueness: metaphysical
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 92 225
Reject 72 345
n: 734
p < 0.0001
r: 0.16
Aim of philosophy: goodness/justice
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 132 247
Reject 95 339
n: 813
p < 0.0001
r: 0.16
Propositions: nonexistent
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 51 165
Reject 53 283
n: 552
p: 0.0002
r: 0.16
Properties: immanent universals
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 59 147
Reject 58 256
n: 520
p: 0.0003
r: -0.16
Method in history of philosophy: analytic/rational reconstruction
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 169 122
Reject 251 103
n: 645
p < 0.0001
r: 0.15
Morality: constructivism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 96 216
Reject 73 324
n: 709
p < 0.0001
r: -0.15
Law: legal positivism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 68 136
Reject 117 140
n: 461
p: 0.0016
r: 0.14
Practical reason: Aristotelian
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 138 148
Reject 121 208
n: 615
p: 0.0003
r: 0.14
Arguments for theism: pragmatic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 81 209
Reject 42 307
n: 639
p: 0.0003
r: -0.14
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 220 182
Reject 313 154
n: 869
p < 0.0001
r: -0.14
Response to external-world skepticism: abductive
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 50 215
Reject 107 266
n: 638
p: 0.0004
r: -0.14
Moral principles: moral generalism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 155 149
Reject 230 137
n: 671
p: 0.0004
r: -0.13
Eating animals and animal products: omnivorism (yes and yes)
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 185 209
Reject 268 195
n: 857
p < 0.0001
r: 0.13
Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 185 177
Reject 150 284
n: 796
p < 0.0001
r: 0.13
Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 164 211
Reject 136 302
n: 813
p < 0.0001
r: 0.13
Philosophical knowledge: none
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 21 321
Reject 10 409
n: 761
p: 0.0003
r: 0.13
Propositions: acts
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 29 188
Reject 25 311
n: 553
p: 0.0021
r: 0.13
Eating animals and animal products: veganism (no and no)
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 101 293
Reject 75 386
n: 855
p < 0.0001
r: 0.13
Philosophical progress: none
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 24 360
Reject 6 474
n: 864
p < 0.0001
r: -0.13
Sleeping beauty: one-third
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 34 81
Reject 65 123
n: 303
p: 0.0249
r: -0.13
Political philosophy: libertarianism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 35 288
Reject 83 300
n: 706
p: 0.0008
r: 0.13
Metaontology: anti-realism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 38 168
Reject 30 254
n: 490
p: 0.0051
r: -0.13
Wittgenstein: early
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 60 230
Reject 121 251
n: 662
p: 0.0011
r: -0.12
Vagueness: semantic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 155 168
Reject 254 165
n: 742
p: 0.0007
r: 0.12
Possible worlds: concrete
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 23 296
Reject 17 402
n: 738
p: 0.0007
r: -0.12
Concepts: nativism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 72 178
Reject 117 205
n: 572
p: 0.0031
r: 0.12
Properties: classes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 29 177
Reject 37 276
n: 519
p: 0.005
r: -0.12
External world: non-skeptical realism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 311 68
Reject 424 56
n: 859
p: 0.0003
r: 0.12
Other minds: current AI systems
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 18 323
Reject 12 404
n: 757
p: 0.0008
r: 0.12
Aim of philosophy: happiness
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 72 300
Reject 54 372
n: 798
p: 0.001
r: 0.12
Gender categories: revise
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 197 119
Reject 180 187
n: 683
p: 0.0023
r: 0.11
External world: skepticism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 30 348
Reject 22 458
n: 858
p: 0.0007
r: -0.11
Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 77 130
Reject 138 148
n: 493
p: 0.0114
r: 0.11
Laws of nature: Humean
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 137 219
Reject 122 313
n: 791
p: 0.0015
r: -0.11
Abstract objects: Platonism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 129 205
Reject 211 222
n: 767
p: 0.002
r: 0.11
Kant: one world
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 123 99
Reject 121 150
n: 493
p: 0.0136
r: 0.11
Causation: nonexistent
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 17 245
Reject 14 334
n: 610
p: 0.0063
r: -0.11
Rational disagreement: non-permissivism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 47 259
Reject 86 307
n: 699
p: 0.0035
r: 0.11
Propositional attitudes: dispositional
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 95 137
Reject 100 230
n: 562
p: 0.0093
r: 0.11
Political philosophy: communitarianism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 135 190
Reject 96 286
n: 707
p: 0.0037
r: 0.11
Perceptual experience: disjunctivism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 55 199
Reject 55 305
n: 614
p: 0.0076
r: -0.11
Propositional attitudes: representational
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 103 128
Reject 188 144
n: 563
p: 0.0111
r: 0.11
Analysis of knowledge: justified true belief
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 90 210
Reject 98 317
n: 715
p: 0.0045
r: -0.11
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 185 217
Reject 263 204
n: 869
p: 0.0019
r: 0.1
True contradictions: possible but non-actual
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 14 268
Reject 15 361
n: 658
p: 0.0082
r: -0.1
Epistemic justification: internalism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 122 221
Reject 186 244
n: 773
p: 0.0049
r: -0.1
Personal identity: biological view
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 71 237
Reject 112 283
n: 703
p: 0.0075
r: -0.1
Capital punishment: permissible
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 55 299
Reject 98 330
n: 782
p: 0.0048
r: 0.1
Perceptual experience: sense-datum theory
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 16 238
Reject 20 340
n: 614
p: 0.0133
r: 0.1
Knowledge: empiricism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 201 115
Reject 210 177
n: 703
p: 0.0085
r: 0.1
Theory of reference: deflationary
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 50 185
Reject 57 288
n: 580
p: 0.017
r: -0.1
Response to external-world skepticism: dogmatist
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 34 234
Reject 63 305
n: 636
p: 0.0128
r: 0.1
Aesthetic experience: perception
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 74 127
Reject 77 194
n: 472
p: 0.0328
r: 0.1
Other minds: worms
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 103 238
Reject 87 329
n: 757
p: 0.0071
r: 0.1
Race categories: revise
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 128 163
Reject 106 237
n: 634
p: 0.0148
r: 0.1
Other minds: particles
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 10 331
Reject 7 409
n: 757
p: 0.0082
r: -0.1
Race categories: preserve
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 18 273
Reject 35 306
n: 632
p: 0.0162
r: 0.09
External world: idealism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 36 343
Reject 24 456
n: 859
p: 0.0065
r: -0.09
Temporal ontology: eternalism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 81 137
Reject 138 161
n: 517
p: 0.0417
r: 0.09
Principle of sufficient reason: true
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 117 178
Reject 133 261
n: 689
p: 0.0198
r: 0.09
Personal identity: psychological view
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 171 137
Reject 196 199
n: 703
p: 0.0221
r: -0.09
Propositions: structured entities
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 79 138
Reject 151 186
n: 554
p: 0.0436
r: -0.09
Practical reason: Humean
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 85 201
Reject 120 209
n: 615
p: 0.0336
r: 0.08
Zombies: inconceivable
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 75 251
Reject 70 360
n: 756
p: 0.0198
r: 0.08
Truth: deflationary
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 103 236
Reject 122 321
n: 782
p: 0.0205
r: 0.08
Meaning of life: subjective
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 146 187
Reject 152 248
n: 733
p: 0.026
r: 0.08
Consciousness: functionalism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 113 171
Reject 137 254
n: 675
p: 0.0348
r: -0.08
Other minds: adult humans
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 336 5
Reject 412 4
n: 757
p: 0.0329
r: 0.08
God: theism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 92 298
Reject 81 381
n: 852
p: 0.0254
r: 0.07
Other minds: flies
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 131 210
Reject 137 279
n: 757
p: 0.0423
r: -0.07
A priori knowledge: yes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 284 104
Reject 382 100
n: 870
p: 0.0302
r: -0.07
Other minds: newborn babies
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 293 48
Reject 365 51
n: 757
p: 0.0455
r: 0.07
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Accept Reject
Accept 187 215
Reject 199 268
n: 869
p: 0.0344

Strongest correlations with demographic questions

r: -0.21
Philosopher: Russell
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 5 325
Reject 43 331
n: 704
p < 0.0001
r: -0.2
Tradition: Analytic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 321 93
Reject 446 37
n: 897
p < 0.0001
r: 0.15
Tradition: Other tradition
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 62 352
Reject 24 459
n: 897
p < 0.0001
r: 0.15
Philosopher: Dewey
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 20 310
Reject 4 370
n: 704
p < 0.0001
r: 0.14
Philosopher: Beauvoir
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 11 319
Reject 0 374
n: 704
p: 0.0002
r: -0.14
Region of PhD: United Kingdom
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 24 292
Reject 56 292
n: 664
p: 0.0003
r: -0.14
Gender: male
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 314 95
Reject 418 68
n: 895
p < 0.0001
r: 0.14
AOS: Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 21 397
Reject 5 484
n: 907
p < 0.0001
r: 0.13
Gender: female
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 94 315
Reject 68 418
n: 895
p < 0.0001
r: -0.13
AOS: Philosophy of Language
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 53 365
Reject 109 380
n: 907
p < 0.0001
r: 0.13
AOS: Feminist Philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 34 384
Reject 12 477
n: 907
p < 0.0001
r: 0.12
Tradition: Continental
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 31 383
Reject 13 470
n: 897
p: 0.0004
r: 0.11
AOS: Applied Ethics
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 75 343
Reject 47 442
n: 907
p: 0.0006
r: 0.11
Other demographics: YOB
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 201 184
Reject 202 264
n: 851
p: 0.0012
r: 0.11
Philosopher: Marx
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 21 309
Reject 11 363
n: 704
p: 0.0052
r: 0.1
AOS: Continental Philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 27 391
Reject 13 476
n: 907
p: 0.0017
r: 0.1
Philosopher: Merleau-Ponty
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 11 319
Reject 2 372
n: 704
p: 0.0064
r: 0.1
Philosopher: Foucault
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 11 319
Reject 2 372
n: 704
p: 0.0064
r: 0.1
Philosopher: Hegel
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 17 313
Reject 5 369
n: 704
p: 0.0079
r: -0.1
Region of nationality: United Kingdom
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 27 368
Reject 53 415
n: 863
p: 0.0039
r: -0.09
Philosopher: Frege
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 18 312
Reject 37 337
n: 704
p: 0.0119
r: 0.09
Region of PhD: United States
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 232 84
Reject 225 123
n: 664
p: 0.0175
r: -0.09
AOS: Metaphysics
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 79 339
Reject 133 356
n: 907
p: 0.0059
r: 0.09
AOS: Philosophy of the Americas
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 5 413
Reject 0 489
n: 907
p: 0.0073
r: -0.09
Philosopher: Lewis
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 22 308
Reject 50 324
n: 704
p: 0.0195
r: -0.09
Philosopher: Descartes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 8 322
Reject 22 352
n: 704
p: 0.0219
r: -0.09
Philosopher: Quine
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 25 305
Reject 45 329
n: 704
p: 0.0227
r: 0.09
Philosopher: Husserl
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 11 319
Reject 3 371
n: 704
p: 0.0233
r: -0.08
AOS: Decision Theory
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 8 410
Reject 22 467
n: 907
p: 0.0109
r: -0.08
Philosopher: Moore
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 5 325
Reject 17 357
n: 704
p: 0.0272
r: 0.08
Region of nationality: Canada
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 42 353
Reject 26 442
n: 863
p: 0.0157
r: 0.08
Region of affiliation: Canada
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 35 382
Reject 22 476
n: 915
p: 0.016
r: 0.08
AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 76 342
Reject 61 428
n: 907
p: 0.0192
r: -0.08
AOS: Philosophy of Mind
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 71 347
Reject 108 381
n: 907
p: 0.0194
r: 0.07
Philosopher: Aquinas
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 22 308
Reject 13 361
n: 704
p: 0.0476
r: -0.07
Region of affiliation: United Kingdom
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 36 381
Reject 62 436
n: 915
p: 0.0273
r: -0.07
AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 31 387
Reject 53 436
n: 907
p: 0.0325
r: 0.07
Region of affiliation: United States
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 254 163
Reject 271 227
n: 915
p: 0.0341
r: -0.07
Region of affiliation: Asia
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 9 408
Reject 22 476
n: 915
p: 0.0386
r: -0.07
AOS: Epistemology
Values in science: necessarily value-laden Yes No
Accept 100 318
Reject 151 338
n: 907
p: 0.0456